This calculator computes the orbital velocity of an orbit, where:

  • v is orbital velocity.
  • G is the gravitational constant.
  • M is the combined mass of the central body and the orbiting body. In the case of spacecraft, the mass of the spacecraft is insignificant and may be ignored.
  • r is the distance between the orbiting body and the central body.
  • a is the semi-major axis of the orbit.

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